| 摘要 |
According to figures, we spend more than 80 percent time of our life indoors, in which the environmental qualities, like sound, light, thermal environment and air quality, all have a significant impact on our physical and mental health, comfort and work efficiency. Physiological research shows that in a comfortable thermal environment, it’s good for thinking, observation and operation. The subjective evaluation and objective test are the main methods to study the thermal comfort sensation of the environment. The results of the subjective evaluation are usually discrete, which are obtained through the process and synthesis of the subjective evaluation scales. The subjective evaluation method can assess the comfort of the current environment intuitively and clearly. The Predicted mean votes (PMV) are calculated by thermal environment parameters obtained from the test points in general objective tests. However, the unstable factors of indoor environment make the description and prediction comprehensively and accurately impossible by the traditional methods. Through the physical and physiological characteristics of Chinese population in the Chinese adult human database, 50 percentile male adults’ three dimensional physical data was selected to establish the manikin model. Controlling strategy was formulated according to the heat balance equation and thermal manikin test system was designed to test the exchanged heat between human body and environment in an unsteady and heterogeneous environment. Test results shown that: participants felt comfortable and cool when they entered the room. As time went on, most participants still felt comfortable within 30 minutes, and the average thermal sensation vote of the 12 participants fluctuated within ±0.2.With the increase of the indoor time, the overall heat sensation of the participants came into being cool after 30minutes, and the average TSV began to decrease gradually. Over 90 minutes, the average TSV of the whole body had dropped to -0.92. About one hour after the beginning, the equivalent space temperature and the predicted mean vote (PMV) of the manikin tend to be stabilized. When the test system is stable, the average equivalent space temperature of the body is about 22 degrees, and the PMV is about -0.8. Comparing the test results about the predicted mean vote with the subjective evaluation test, the relative error is only 2.1% between the subjective evaluations and the objective test results of the manikin, which demonstrates that thermal manikin can be used to test the thermal comfort of the environment accurately. |